HISTORY

1. GEOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS
In a circumference, whose center is (the PALOMAR OF the SCRUB), with a radius of seven kilometers, we can identify a triangle whose vertices are: Barbate, Vejer and Caños of Mecca (Cabo de Trafalgar). It supposes the last coastal elevation from the Straits of Gibraltar to Cadiz. From the sea we know that Trafalgar is the limit of the Mediterranean, where a sailor faces the Atlantic currents and with a modern vision, from the satellite, we intuited the zone like the European quicio of the door of the Mediterranean.



2. PREHISTORIA
As much the salt marsh of Barbate as the old Lagoon of the Janda, was sea, reason why the surrounding land, high of Vejer, Benalup and the mountain range of the Retin was forward edge of coast, and in fact are reports of prehistoric vestiges. Already in the era of metals, they emphasize data and rest of Phoenicians and tartesos Thousand five hundred years before Christ, the Janda was sea (20 km of the coast) considering the composition of the gaditana coast, but the fast one of Europe.

3. GREEK “HERMA”
According to Dionisio, this elevation was flanked by two rivers: the Cilbus and the Besilus and dominated by the líbicos (African), supposing the political border with Tartesos. The rest of a great city without studying exist, at the moment, and with indications to correspond to this time that at the moment is called Mother country, also we know the existence, by a study of planimetry, of the mouth of a river in the neighborhoods of Trafalgar. The Greeks called to this zone "Herma" that means in Greek old, strength or place which it defends, as much to earth as to sea, since it was but easy its access crossing the Straits that from mainland, to be surrounded by salt marshes or mud and by the mud neither is walked nor sailed.

4. ROMANS “PROMONTORIS TRANSDUCTIS”
According to the "Roman Tabula", the Hercúlea Route journeyed by the coast from Cadiz to Rome and Barbate (Baessippo) where was born the first bifurcation of the way towards Carmona by Medina, being the "promontory that takes until the other side" (Promontoris Transductis) by the continuous salt marshes that separated the beach of the interior. The production of the Garum, Roman sauce par excellence, tapeworm in this special zone interest to have the best tunny nets of the world and for that reason we have innumerable rest of constructions dedicated to the elaboration of this sauce and its later manufacture for, through port, to send it to Rome in five days.



5. MUSULMANES “ISLA DE UMM HAQUIM”
Batalla of the Guadalete is most important of the history of Spain since after her the Muslims were based during eight centuries in the peninsula. During centuries the battle in this river was located but nowadays, to the battle, it is called to him "of the Janda" or "the Barbate". The only one exists a theory, that it accepts all the data that are considered valid, that it locates it around the promontory of Vejer. The likely locations are: Wadi Lakk or Río of the Lake, identified traditionally with the Guadalete; Wadi-l-Buhayra or Rio of the Lagoon, that can correspond to the Barbate river or the lagoon of the Janda; Wadi Siduna, River of Sidonia, that can be he himself Barbate; Wady Umm Hakim, River of Umm Hakim, name of a slave who accompanied Táriq and who this one left in an island that also received its name: Wady Bakka, River of Beca or Mecca; Wadi-l-Tin, River of the Mud, where it perished drowned king Rodrigo, and Wadi-l-Sawaqi, River of Acequias that can correspond to the salt marshes. There are other data like the words of Tarik that have trasmitido of oral form ("ahead we have the enemy and behind the sea, single we have left to win or to die") or the number of soldiers by both sides (12,000 Muslims before 120,000 professional visigodos) and the duration of the battle (8 days).

ORIGIN OF THE CONSTRUCTION

6. AFRICAN PIRACY
After the exodus of Muslims and Jews caused by "the catholic kings", these are based in North Africa where their economy and preparation are very well received by. Thence the hostigación of the European coast begins by the attempt to recover its earth. It is the principle of the "piracy" at which, with time, the Turks will score and will turn the zone of the Straits "sinvivir" distressing before the daily danger of death or kidnapping. During all the average age the construction near the coast was prohibited since the security could not be guaranteed during the night; during the day the coastal lands for the grass of the cattle were used but they needed corralizas in places difficult that protected the cattle during the night.



7. FIRST STONES
The corraliza of "the Porquera" (place where the wild boars doze) is to three kilometers of the coast but to eight of the landing point closest being intermediate the land a labyrinth formed by desquebrajadas earth you fill of mount under (scrub) and having like only steps the ways of the cows or wild boars. These conditions turned it a safe place since the attack of the pirates did not have to extend but who the not to be discovered night. The rent of the grass of the coast is but low since the shepherds must dedicate to l half of the day gathering the cattle reason why dedicates less time to pastar.



8. PLANE

The corraliza of "the Porquera"

STRATEGIC FACET

9. TORRES ALMENARAS
Before the danger of the piracy, already from S. XV the construction of towers begins watches for the control of the coasts. The towers must have visual correspondence to each other and the attention of a torrero, that received a good pay, debia to be continuous reason why they had prohibited to have orchard, to play letters, to live with family or any activity who distracted to him to watch the horizon. The system of warning through towers "almenaras" (bonfires) consisted of fire and smoke at night by day, sending so many luminous arrows as boats approached the coast.

10. STRATEGIC CONDITIONS
From the hill of the Porquera (next to the pigeon house) they descry to all the towers almenaras from Tariff to Cadiz, being the only geographic point with that capacity. If we consider that the Straits controlled as much entrances and exits of boats to the Mediterranean or the arrival of the Fleet of Indians, source of wealth of the kingdom, like possible African invasions, we were before the most strategic point of the kingdom.

11. IMPORTANCE OF THE COMMUNICATION
The relations between the king and the Duke of Medina Sidonia were very tense, until the point that in the S.XVIII had a warlike confrontation by the right of the king to have an own exit to the sea from the coasts Andalusian to which the Duke refused, and the victory of the king supposed the birth of Puerto Real. In this atmosphere and depending on the Duke all the watchtowers of the coast, the king needed to control these towers since not FIAR of the information of this Duke could.

12. POSSIBILITIES OF THE DOVES
The use of the dove as mail is millenarian and a flight between Cadiz and Madrid makes it in the day. This distance is similar between the Canary Islands and Cadiz and as well similar to which can exist between the Canary Islands and a boat that leave America, after five days of navigation. If we consider that the Fleet De Indias when it returned from loaded America of gold and silver, could not warn of its game by fear to the piracy, that better system than the doves to have informed to the king into its arrival without possibility of intercepting the mail.



13.PLANE II

Corraliza con palomar y torre defensiva

EUROPEAN ECONOMIC EXPERIMENT

14. INFORMED PROPRIETOR
After the company/signature of peace with Morocco and the liberation of the market with America, the monitoring of the coast at state level, it made nonsense reason why the dependent constructions of the king for frontier checkpoint happen to private hands. Luck of Osio and Salazar is is of Luis de Osio, proprietor of tide mills and salt you mine in Cadiz that makes the milling of I exercise and grandson of Francisco de Paula, Superintendent of Andalusia, able maximum to be politician, and there am himself Luck is Administrator of the Real Customs and Minister of the Real real Property that receives in 1727 to certificate that allows him to reconstruct to colmenar and to maintain the pigeon house open. According to it affirms Luck in his testament, the following years begins to extend the house and to buy earth to near different owners to constitute the Property of the Porquera or, also called, of the Virgin of the Pillar.

15. THE ILLUSTRATION IN CADIZ
S. XVIII in Cadiz is specially interesting for being forced step of the commerce with America, reason why also concentrated great amount of European and Spanish retailers interchanging political and economic products and money but ideas that they will be reflected specially in the typical "social gatherings" of the time. The reforms of the first Borbones, try to concern the new ideas of Europe as much, the grandfathers as the father and he himself Luck represents these reforms in first person besides to take part as much directly like retailers, with America as with Europe, reason why its position is of privilege without being noble what it turns to him a perfect candidate to assume the new ideological currents that in the middle of century turn to Cadiz an European center of informed thought.

16. POSSIBILITIES OF THE IMMEDIATE SURROUNDINGS
At the beginning of S. XVIII the proprietors of the great majority of earth in all Europe are the clergy and the nobility reason why the new ideas like the rotation of cultures, selection of seeds... etc, did not support them, this causes the migration to the new world of people with change desire that to their pass by Cadiz will have to wait for the exit of the fleet and to obtain ticket, question this arto difficult. In this situation it is easy to imagine to the customs officer, Luck of Osio and Salazar, proprietor of the house, to take advantage of the situation to make pass by his property to the people that considers that they can contribute something interesting to a project that glimpses like leader in Europe. Future account with the exclusive feature of the export of honey towards America being the surroundings a great possessor of beehives from the time of the Arabs as they demonstrate to the names of Vejer of the honey or he himself San Ambrosio, pedanía immediate to the property, that is the pattern of the beekeeping.

17. ECONOMIC EXPERIMENT
At the beginning of S. XVIII it is begun to think about the origin of the wealth of the towns and on the incipiente industry one considers that all the steps that there are to give to obtain a finished product needs manual labor, nevertheless in the field sowing and single it is necessary to hope reason why the capital gain of the product does not have cost. In the property of the Porquera in addition to the house, oratorio, the warehouse, warehouses, the pigeon house and a great one colmenar consists of trimming off lower branches of, vines, moreras, woods, earth calm (dry land) and orchard to which there is to add 6,000 you have of full uncultivated mount land under (the Scrub). On this atmosphere, not only the excesses based the Earth economy but that obtained them by the pure harvesting, with no need to cultivate them. Thirty years later François QUESNAY in its Tableau économique (1758), laid the foundations of an economic science in the modern sense of the concept and the founder of the political economy. The central thought of Quesnay is that the public finances only could recover their vigor by means of the rehabilitation of agriculture like foundation of all wealth.

18. AIM OF THE CYCLE
Ventura and Luisa, their woman, do not have children and leave in inheritance the property of the Jarillo to a nephew and the one of the Porquera to a religious congregation in exchange for which Sundays and celebrations are celebrated masses by their souls all to keep to perpetuity and must attend all the workers of the property paying to them the pay so that they go willingly without having to give alms to the oficiante of the mass to leave they paid the services. To the eight years the house was in ruins and was sold by the price of an unproductive earth since the management was nonexistent.



19. PLANE III

Hacienda de La Porquera (unidad económica y espiritual)

CORRESPONDENCE WITH MEXICO

20. SPROUTING
Towards 1765 the mining of Zacatecas in Mexico, and individual the Fagoaga family, begins to resurge of a long period of decay of the mining economy. Eeste resurgence comes accompanied from borbónicas reforms and not few nobiliarios titles that entail legal and fiscal privileges. The only problem with that they are is the price and lack of provision of the necessary insumos for the estracción of the silver: salt, coats with quicksilver and powder. Pedro de Fagoaga buys the property of the Porquera (the Palomar of the Scrub) through archbishopric of Cadiz.

21. INVESTMENTS
The property of the Fagoaga in Small hat that counts on 84 drags and 14 forges for the silver mine, diversifies to its production for the self-supplying of its workers creating an economic and social unit. They invest in agriculture and cattle ranch and in addition in bank and commerce, centering his activity in City of Mexico and being one of the groups of but it as much influences policy of the country at the colonial time as after independence.

Pedro de Fagoaga invests to much money in the extension of the property of the Porquera constructing garages, rain tanks, wine press, blocks, etc. and multiplies the capacity of the pigeon house by twenty whose saltpeter considers best natural nitrate for the manufacture of the powder.

22. APPEARANCE
In 1795 the Court of the Mining negotiates that the crown guarantees the supplying of the insumos with a stable price, which supposed the enrichment of a social class that soon would support the costs of the war of the independence of Mexico. By this time the state regains the customs control for the imports of Mexico from Spain, to then into the hands of the Fagoaga. Pedro de Fagoaga sells the house to Josefa Lopez de Vejer of the Border.

MODERN TIME

24. THE CANONS
The canons Bonifacio Manzanares and Leto Menaje buy the property (1840) after two changes of titularidad from the Fagoaga without greater important changes. They would return to spend for the resurgence of the property with renewed ideas but this time without international importance, he himself change that occurred in capital Cadiz of an economy of transfer of merchandise between America and Europe to another cradle in the own production, less voluminous but participativa for the villager.

25. MODEL OF LA RIOJAN MANAGEMENT
The canons order the management from the property to the brother of Bonifacio, Braulio Manzanares, and an important investment directed to the Earth operation is made. They create canalizations for the irrigation of orchards, rehabilitate the tower of Buenavista like wind mill for the milling of the grain, manage most of the eight water mills of San Ambrosio in addition to its old orchards. Bonifacio dies in Vejer and leaves the property into the hands of its nephews, children of Braulio Manzanares.

26. DESCENDANTS
At the present time they are many the Manzanares of the zone and among them many also the Braulio and Bonifacio Manzanares, being all descendants of the Braulio Manzanares of century nineteen. The origin of the first Manzanares is Cordovin in Logroño, at the moment in the Palomar of the Scrub a wine uses as rioja that of accidental form we have discovered that the warehouse is of Cordovin and his owner is called Braulio Manzanares which feeds the curiosity that has stayed a same name in different branch from the same family after one hundred fifty years.



27. PLANE IV

Hacienda de La Porquera (cocheras y cuadras de complemento)